In the past Prince Charles has come under scrutiny amidst claims that he regularly writes to government Ministers. A selection of his letters have previously been revealed following Freedom of Information Requests. The Prince Charles Manifesto. The only interruption to the institution of the Monarchy was its brief abolition from to , following the execution of Charles I and the rules of Oliver Cromwell and his son, Richard.
The Act of Settlement, critically, passed the power to decide on succession to the throne to Parliament. By the beginning of the 20th Century, power had passed almost entirely to Parliament. In , the British M onarchy agreed an end to the primogeniture rule for descendants of the Prince of Wales.
This means that if the first child of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had been a girl, she would succeed to the throne ahead of any brothers that she may have. It was agreed to abolish the rule which says that no-one who marries a Roman Catholic can become M onarch.
However, the monarch must be in communion with the Church of England because he or she is the head of that church. The early s have seen the British Royal Family endure their most difficult period in the media spotlight since the divorce of Prince Charles and Princess Diana in the early s.
The comments came at a bad time for the Royal Family, with Prince Andrew facing regular questions around his relationship with the disgraced financier Jeffrey Epstein. He had acted as royal consort between and , making him the longest ever serving royal consort. MPs pay tribute to Prince Philip. I will continue to treasure and draw inspiration from the countless kindnesses shown to me in this country and throughout the Commonwealth. Thank you all. I am not a royalist. Not at all. His wife joined her lover Mortimer in deposing him: by their orders he was murdered in Berkley Castle — as legend has it, by having a red-hot poker thrust up his anus!
The two great victories at Crecy and Poitiers made Edward and his son, the Black Prince , the most renowned warriors in Europe, however the war was very expensive. In came the Peasants Revolt , led by Wat Tyler.
The rebellion was put down with great severity. The sudden death of his first wife Anne of Bohemia completely unbalanced Richard and his extravagance, acts of revenge and tyranny turned his subjects against him. Richard was murdered, probably by starvation, in Pontefract Castle in Henry spent most of his 13 year reign defending himself against plots, rebellions and assassination attempts.
Back in England, Henry had great difficulty in maintaining the support of both the clergy and Parliament and between the Percy family launched a series of rebellions against him. Henry, the first Lancastrian king, died exhausted, probably of leprosy, at the age of Henry had honed his fine soldiering skills putting down the many rebellions launched against his father and had been knighted when aged just He pleased his nobles by renewing the war with France in In the face of tremendous odds he beat the French at the Battle of Agincourt , losing just of his own soldiers with more than 6, Frenchmen killed.
On a second expedition Henry captured Rouen, was recognised as the next King of France and married Catherine, the daughter of the lunatic French king. Henry died of dysentery whilst campaigning in France and before he could succeed to the French throne, leaving his month old son as King of England and France. The Battle of St Albans in was won by the Yorkists. Henry was restored to the throne briefly in His morals were poor he had many mistresses and had at least one illegitimate son and even his contemporaries disapproved of him.
Edward had his rebellious brother George, Duke of Clarence, murdered in on a charge of treason. During his reign the first printing press was established in Westminster by William Caxton.
Edward died suddenly in leaving two sons aged 12 and 9, and five daughters. The eldest son of Edward IV, he succeeded to the throne at the tender age of 13 and reigned for only two months, the shortest-lived monarch in English history. He and his brother Richard were murdered in the Tower of London — it is said on the orders of his uncle Richard Duke of Gloucester. The ruthless extinction of all those who opposed him and the alleged murders of his nephews made his rule very unpopular.
At the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire he defeated and killed Richard in what was to be the last important battle in the Wars of the Roses. Archaeological investigations at a car park in Leicester during revealed a skeleton which was thought to have been that of Richard III, and this was confirmed on the 4th February His body was re-interred at Leicester Cathedral on 22nd March He married Elizabeth of York and so united the two warring houses, York and Lancaster.
He was a skillful politician but avaricious. The material wealth of the country increased greatly. His first wife was Catherine of Aragon, his brothers widow, whom he later divorced to marry Anne Boleyn. This divorce caused the split from Rome and Henry declared himself the head of the Church Of England. The Dissolution of the Monasteries began in , and the money gained from this helped Henry to bring about an effective Navy.
In an effort to have a son, Henry married four further wives, but only one son was born, to Jane Seymour. Henry had two daughters both to become rulers of England — Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, and Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn.
Edward succeeded his father at the age of 9, the government being carried on by a Council of Regency with his uncle, Duke of Somerset, styled Protector. Even though his reign was short, many men made their mark. She was proclaimed Queen but Mary entered London with her supporters and Jane was taken to the Tower. She reigned for only 9 days. She was executed in , aged A devout Catholic, she married Philip of Spain. Mary attempted to enforce the wholesale conversion of England to Catholicism.
She carried this out with the utmost severity. The place, in Broad Street Oxford, is marked by a bronze cross. The country was plunged into a bitter blood bath, which is why she is remembered as Bloody Mary. She died in at Lambeth Palace in London. From first to last she was popular with the people and had a genius for the selection of capable advisors.
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots marred what was a glorious time in English history. Shakespeare was also at the height of his popularity. Elizabeth never married. He was the first king to rule over Scotland and England. James was more of a scholar than a man of action. In the Gunpowder Plot was hatched: Guy Fawkes and his Catholic friends tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament, but were captured before they could do so.
He encountered difficulties with Parliament from the beginning, and this led to the outbreak of the English Civil War in The House of Commons tried Charles for treason against England and when found guilty he was condemned to death.
His death warrant states that he was beheaded on 30th January Following this the British monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared. He entered Parliament in and became active in events leading to the Civil War. Quizzes and puzzles. The VP, GPs and refugees. The Bank of England official warning women against home working. Popular articles.
What do the different coloured poppies mean? The most extreme weather events of In pictures. Is Bosnia on brink of another war? This permission was not always granted. To create a sense of distance between the British throne and their overseas relations, the family name was replaced with a more modern, English surname: Windsor.
The name was inspired by Windsor Castle , which was founded by William the Conqueror. British royals were marrying commoners as early as the 15 th century, though in a family where bloodlines determine power, the pairings were always controversial. As societal rules around marriage, divorce, and partnership shifted, so did royal marriages.
Both children of Prince Charles and Princess Diana were permitted to marry commoners: Prince William married Kate Middleton , the daughter of parents who own a party supplies company, in and his brother, Harry, married American actress Meghan Markle in
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